Future history:
- Space launch infrastructure is so well established that successful space ventures can be started by a couple folks in their dorm room.
- Quantum computer breaks all encryption not using post-quantum secure algorithms.
- First asteroid mining.
- Establish permanent base on Mars.
- First trip to Mars.
- First commercial space station.
- First permanent base on the moon.
- Return to the moon.
- Cancer prevention, detection, and treatment advancements.
- First female President of the USA.
- More electric cars than ICE cars.
2023 Dec 9 CRISPR - The Food and Drug Administration on Friday approved the world's first medicine based on CRISPR gene-editing technology, a groundbreaking treatment for sickle cell disease that delivers a potential cure for people born with the chronic and life-shortening blood disorder.
2023 Nov 18 13:02:51 UTC SpaceX Starship - The second Starship Integrated Flight Test was the second flight of the full launch vehicle with both Super Heavy booster and Starship upper stage integrated. Flight duration, 8 minutes (until vehicle loss).
2023 Oct 7 Attacks from the Palestinian group Hamas launched from the Gaza Strip against the south of Israel started a new conflict in the region. Israel officially declared that it is at war the next day.
2023 Sep 26 A.I. - Mistral releases open sourced LLM as a torrent with remarkably few guardrails. Framed as an alternative to Llama2.
2023 Jul 30 Fusion ignition for the second time ever.
Into target: 2.05 MJ
Out of target: 3.88 MJ
2023 Jul 18 A.I. - Llama2 released.
2023 Jun 29 Affirmative action - The Supreme Court ruled 6-3 that affirmative action is unconstitutional under the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment in Students for Fair Admissions v. UNC.
2023 Jun 5 Virtual Reality - Vision Pro announced. A mixed reality headset developed by Apple Inc., described as a "spatial computer," where digital media is integrated with the real world and physical inputs, such as motion gestures, eye tracking, and voice input, can be used to interact with the system. The headset is a standalone device that runs visionOS, a derivative of iOS designed for extended reality software.
2023 May 25 Hibernation - Researchers Induce Hibernation In Non-Hibernating Species With Ultrasound. Zapping part of the brain with focused ultrasound can put mice in a hibernation-like state called torpor for at least 24 hours. The same approach can also induce the state in rats, which, unlike mice, don't naturally enter torpor.
2023 May 24 Engineers at UMass Amherst harvest abundant clean energy from thin air
2023 May 13 Rocket engine raptor 3 by SpaceX reaches new records, 350 bar chamber pressure (269 tons of thrust).
2023 May 12 A.I. - The Legend of Zelda: Tears of the Kingdom's Marakuguc Shrine Bridge Physics wow Game Developers.
2023 May 5 The World Health Organization (WHO) ends its declaration of the COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak as a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC).
2023 Apr 28 Photosynthesis & superconductivity - Exciton-Condensate-Like Amplification of Energy Transport in Light Harvesting. Study finds links at the atomic level between photosynthesis and exciton condensates -- a strange state of physics that allows energy to flow frictionlessly through a material.
2023 Apr 20 13:33:09 UTC SpaceX Starship - The first Starship Integrated Flight Test was the first flight of the full launch vehicle with both Super Heavy booster and Starship upper stage integrated. Flight duration, 4 minutes (until vehicle loss).
2023 Apr 19 A 3D printable alloy designed for extreme environments. NASA has developed a new superalloy called GRX-810, which is twice as strong and more than 1,000 times more durable than the state-of-the-art 3D printed superalloys.
2023 Mar 30 A.I. - Auto-GPT released.
2023 Mar 14 A.I. - ChatGPT 4.0 released.
2023 Jan 19 Loss of epigenetic information as a cause of mammalian aging Jae-Hyun Yang
2023 Jan 5 Gene Therapy Mediated Partial Reprogramming Extends Lifespan and Reverses Age-Related Changes in Aged Mice by Rejuvenate Bio, a San Diego biotech company.
2023 Jan 5 Chinese researchers claim that they have found a way to break the most common form of online encryption using the current generation of quantum computers, years before the technology was expected to pose a threat.
2022 Dec 13 The Respect for Marriage Act repeals the Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA), requires the U.S. federal government and all U.S. states and territories to recognize the validity of same-sex and interracial civil marriages in the United States, and protects religious liberty.
2022 Dec 12 Teenager's Incurable Cancer Cleared With Revolutionary DNA-Editing Technique
2022 Dec 5 Mon just after 1:00 a.m. fusion ignition!
2022 Dec Reprogramming to recover youthful epigenetic information and restore vision Yuancheng Lu et al. Nature.
2022 Nov 30 A.I. - chatGPT
2022 Nov 15 world population = 8 Billion people
2022 Nov $2,225,044.84 has the same buying power as $1,000,000.00 in 1990, and $1,000,000 has the same buying power in 1990 as $449,429.14
2022 Oct 12 A.I. - Human brain cells play pong reported in the journal neuron.
2022 Oct 1 (star wars) Space Development Agency (SDA) transferred to the United States Space Force.
2022 Q4 Majority of baby boomers move in to retirement making capital much more difficult to obtain than it had been since 1997.
2022 Sep 28 A.I. - Dall-E 2 waitlist removed.
2022 Sep 22 - Eviation Alice prototype first flew. It is an electric aircraft powered by two electric motors, and has a T-tail.
2022 Sep 8 Queen Elizabeth II died.
2022 Aug 22 A.I. - Stable Diffusion a deep learning, text-to-image model. It is primarily used to generate detailed images conditioned on text descriptions, though it can also be applied to other tasks such as inpainting, outpainting, and generating image-to-image translations guided by a text prompt.
2022 Jul 12 A.I. - Midjourney a generative artificial intelligence program and service created and hosted by a San Francisco-based independent research lab Midjourney, Inc. Midjourney generates images from natural language descriptions, called "prompts", similar to OpenAI's DALL-E and Stable Diffusion.
2022 Jun 24 Roe v. Wade - Supreme Court overruled Roe on the grounds that the substantive right to abortion was not "deeply rooted in this Nation's history or tradition."
2022 Jun 23 cancer trial new england journal of medicine 100% of participants responded to immunial therapy and saw their cancer disappear using dostarlimab, which allowed their own immune system to target and distort their cancer cells.
2022 Chattanooga, Tennessee high speed internet provider EPB announced 25-gigabit internet service available city-wide.
2021 Nov 8-10 Bitcoin all time high $67k-$68,789.63
2021 Nov 8-10 Bitcoin all time high $67k-$68,789.63
2021 Nov 4 Tesla company stock post covid high $1,243.50 (this was after a 5:1 split so in reality over 17x from the covid low).
2021 Oct 7 Researchers grew miniature brain organoids with a set of eye-like formations called optic cups. Published in the journal Cell Stem Cell.
2021 Aug 30 end of war in Afghanistan
2021 Aug 18 Windows Server 2022 - Derived from Windows 11
2019 Dec 20 Spaceforce formed.
2018 jun 11 A.I. - gpt - generative pre-training (GPT) of a language model
2018 Apr 2 End of Tiangong-1 China's first prototype space station.
2011 A.I. - Hector Levesque, The Winograd Schema Challenge, Commonsense.
2009 nov A.I. - Eureqa - proprietary modeling engine uses evolutionary search to perform symbolic regression
2001 Jun 22 filezilla
1993 Apr 20 www goes live
1987 Jan abc programming language (now python) which was inspired by SETL which was inspired by ALGOL.
1945 Jul 16 nuke
1937 Jan "On Computable Numbers, with an Application to the Entscheidungsproblem" - by Allan Turing
1905 Sep 25 Albert Einstein publishes four papers in what's known as his "Annus Mirabilis"; these papers introduce the theory of relativity and the famous equation, E=mc^2.
1900 Dec 23 radio
1859 sep 1 Carrington Event
1856 Aug 23 Circumstances affecting the heat of the suns rays published in The American journal of science and arts by Eunice Newton Foote, first female science publication ever that wasn't astronomy based. (Demonstrating that co2 is a greenhouse gas)
2021 Aug 8 Fusion ignition precursor at the national ignition facility. Capsule quality not reproducible. Ignition 2022 Dec 5.
2021 May 14 Space - Vandenberg air force base was renamed Vandenberg space force base.
2021 Apr 29 Tiangong Chinese space station.
2021 Apr 12 Potential reversal of epigenetic age using a diet and lifestyle intervention: a pilot randomized clinical trial.
2021 Jan 6 Capitol Building attacked. Following then-U.S. President Donald Trump's defeat in the 2020 presidential election, a mob of his supporters attacked the Capitol Building in Washington, D.C..
2021 Jan 5 A.I. - Dall-E and DALL-E 2 are deep learning models developed by OpenAI to generate digital images from natural language descriptions, called "prompts". DALL-E was revealed by OpenAI in a blog post in January 2021, and uses a version of GPT-3 modified to generate images. In April 2022, OpenAI announced DALL-E 2, a successor designed to generate more realistic images at higher resolutions that "can combine concepts, attributes, and styles".
2020 Nov 12 PlayStation 5 - Sony releases the latest generation of its highly popular gaming console.
2020 Nov A.I. - AlphaFold 2 placed first in the overall rankings of the 14th Critical Assessment of Structure Prediction (CASP).
2020 Sep 18 Ruth Bader Ginsburg, supreme court justice, passes away.
2020 Jul 1 Tesla becomes largest automaker by market value.
2020 July Chattanooga, Tennessee high speed internet provider EPB and its community partners announced HCS EdConnect, a program to provide the families of all economically challenged K–12 students with high-speed internet and a wireless router at no charge.
2020 Jun 25 Polyamorous domestic partnerships legally recognized in Somerville Massachusetts.
2020 May 30 SpaceX Crew Dragon Demo-2 spacecraft test flight - first crewed orbital spaceflight launched from the United States since the final Space Shuttle mission in 2011 Jul 8-21.
2020 Apr - Jun GDP plunged 32.9% on an annualized basis
2020 Mar 18 Tesla company stock covid low $350.55
2020 Mar 11 COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) virus global pandemic declared
2020 Mar 18 Tesla company stock covid low $350.55
2020 Mar 11 COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) virus global pandemic declared
2020 Jan 30 The World Health Organization (WHO) declared the COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC).
2019 Dec 20 Spaceforce formed.
2019 Dec 11 COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) virus cases first reported.
2019 Nov 20 Hibernation - New Scientist reports patient cooled by induced hypothermia successfully revived. See emergency preservation and resuscitation (EPR). "...we’re not trying to send people off to Saturn. We’re trying to buy ourselves more time to save lives.” Samuel Tisherman, MD.
2019 Nov 12 Disney launches its streaming service, Disney+, offering a vast library of movies and shows.
2019 Nov 5 A.I. - Gpt-2 partially released in February 2019, followed by full release of the 1.5-billion-parameter model on November 5, 2019.
2019 mid-Oct COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) virus begins to circulate in Wuhan, Hubei province, central China.
2019 Jul 19 End of Tiangong-2 Chinese space laboratory.
2019 May 20 Volodymyr Zelenskyy inaugurated President of Ukraine.
2019 Mar 12 (star wars) Space Development Agency Formed. The SDA transferred to the United States Space Force 2022 Oct 1.
2019 Feb A.I. - Gpt-2 partially released in February 2019, followed by full release of the 1.5-billion-parameter model on November 5, 2019.
2018 Dec A.I. - AlphaFold 1 placed first in the overall rankings of the 13th Critical Assessment of Structure Prediction (CASP).
2018 Oct 2 Windows Server 2019 - Derived from Windows 10
2018 Jun 23 https://www.quaise.energy registered.
2018 Apr 2 End of Tiangong-1 China's first prototype space station.
2017 Oct 16 Me too movement - American actress Alyssa Milano posted on Twitter, "If all the women who have been sexually harassed or assaulted wrote 'Me too' as a status, we might give people a sense of the magnitude of the problem," saying that she got the idea from a friend. A number of high-profile posts and responses from American celebrities Gwyneth Paltrow, Ashley Judd, Jennifer Lawrence, and Uma Thurman, among others, soon followed.
2017 Oct A.I. - Deepfakes - https://www.reddit.com/user/deepfakes
2017 Aug 30 FDA approval brings first gene therapy to the United States. FDA Commissioner Scott Gottlieb called the approval "a new frontier in medical innovation."
2017 Jul Ipv6 RFC 8200 - Internet Standard
2017 Jun 12 A.I. - Introduction of the AI transformer model was introduced in the paper "Attention Is All You Need" by Vaswani et al, a pivotal moment in the history of AI.
2017 May google photos offers photo albums.
2017 Mar 3 Nintendo Switch - Nintendo releases the hybrid gaming console, offering both home and portable gaming experiences.
2016 Oct 12 Windows Server 2016 - Derived from Windows 10
2016 Sep 20 Tiktok.
2016 Sep 15 - 2019 Jul 19 Tiangong-2 Chinese space laboratory.
2016 Sep 7 Apple airpod release.
2016 Jul 6 Pokémon Go, the augmented reality mobile game, is released, introducing augmented reality gaming to the mainstream.
2016 Apr 5 Virtual Reality - HTC Vive - The first consumer-grade virtual reality headset, becomes available for purchase.
2016 Mar 25 Virtual Reality - Oculus rift - The first commercially available virtual reality headset, the first batch of headsets began shipping to consumers.
2016 Feb 14 Ultra HD Blu-ray (4K Ultra HD, UHD-BD, or 4K Blu-ray) is a digital optical disc data storage format that is an enhanced variant of Blu-ray. Ultra HD Blu-ray discs are incompatible with existing standard Blu-ray players. Ultra HD Blu-ray supports 4K UHD (3840 × 2160 pixel resolution) video at frame rates up to 60 progressive frames per second, encoded using High-Efficiency Video Coding. The format is supported on Microsoft's Xbox One X, One S, Series X, and Sony's PlayStation 5. Software made for the PlayStation 5 can use 100 GB UHD Blu-ray discs.
2015 Dec 21 A SpaceX rocket first stage returned to Earth after propelling an orbital launch mission and achieved a controlled vertical landing, first time in history. The first attempt to land the first stage of Falcon 9 on a ground pad near the launch site occurred on flight 20, the maiden flight of the Falcon 9 Full Thrust version. The landing was successful, and the first stage was recovered.
2015 Dec 11 A.I. - OpenAI - artificial intelligence (AI) research laboratory
2015 Dec 11 A.I. - OpenAI - artificial intelligence (AI) research laboratory
2015 Nov 9 TensorFlow
2015 Oct 15 Chattanooga, Tennessee implemented the world's first community-wide 10-gig Internet service.
2015 Oct A.I. - AlphaGo - in a match against Fan Hui, the original AlphaGo became the first computer Go program to beat a human professional Go player without handicap on a full-sized 19×19 board.
2015 Sep 16 Apple Wallet - Apple Passbook renamed "Apple Wallet" with the release of iOS 9. It had been announced at the Worldwide Developers Conference. It was released with iOS 6 2012 Sep 19.
2015 Jun 26 Same-sex marriage legalized nationally, the U.S. Supreme Court held in a 5–4 decision that the Fourteenth Amendment requires all states to grant same-sex marriages and recognize same-sex marriages granted in other states.
2015 Apr 24 Apple Watch release.
2015 Jan Cambridge Analytica (SCL USA) political consulting firm was incorporated. Subsidiary of the private intelligence company "global election management agency" SCL Group. Focused on influencing elections in the western world, including the United Kingdom and the United States. 2014 involved in 44 U.S. political races. 2015 performed data analysis services for Ted Cruz's presidential campaign. 2016 worked for Donald Trump's presidential campaign as well as for Leave.EU (one of the organizations campaigning in the United Kingdom's referendum on European Union membership). Defunct 2018 May 1 although firms related to both Cambridge Analytica and its parent firm SCL still exist.
2014 Nov 6 A.I. - Alexa
2014 Sep 18 Study Finds US Is an Oligarchy, Not a Democracy - Testing Theories of American Politics: Elites, Interest Groups, and Average Citizens Published online by Cambridge University Press.
2014 Aug 5-6 Uber and Lyft - The ride-sharing services launch their first apps, transforming the transportation industry.
2014 Musical.ly later tiktok launched.
2014 Apr 22 Affirmative action - The U.S. Supreme Court held that "States may choose to prohibit the consideration of racial preferences in governmental decisions".
2014 Mar 25 Virtual Reality - Facebook announced that Facebook, Inc. would be acquiring the virtual reality company Oculus VR, signaling a major step forward for virtual reality technology.
2015 Mar Flameless lighter kickstarter, arch lighter. Plasma lighter.
2014 Feb Mt. Gox bitcoin exchange suspended trading.
2014 and 2015 The 4K television market share increased as prices fell dramatically.
2013 Oct 18 Windows Server 2012 R2 - Derived from Windows 8.1
2013 Sep grayscale (Digital Currency Investing)
2013 Sep grayscale (Digital Currency Investing)
2013 Aug 8 The Schinasi house sells for around $14 million to Mark Schwartz, one of just four vice chairmen at the global investment bank Goldman Sachs. Tod Mercy of the Corcoran group was the most recent listing agent for the property. Located at 351 riverside drive, a corner lot off 107th street and faces the river, on the upper west side of Manhattan in New York city. A 41-foot-wide, 35-room marble house with 12,000 square feet of interior space and 3,400 square feet of exterior space. It is the last remaining detached single-family home in Manhattan used as a residence. Public records filed with the city 2013 Sep 5. Featured in: Woody Allen's 1994 film "Bullets Over Broadway." USA network show white collar. Hulu show the Mindy project first seen in s4.
2013 Jun 26 Same sex marriage legalized in the US.
2013 Jun 5 Edward Snowden Revealed classified U.S. Gov't surveillance programs.
2013 Apr 18 Robinhood markets founded. Commission-free trades.
2013 Water Billboard in Lima Peru, also known as the "Air Orchard," installed as a collaborative effort between UTEC, an engineering and technology university, and the advertising agency Mayo DraftFCB.
2012 Dec Arab Spring ended. It began 2010 Dec 17.
2012 Sep 19 Apple Wallet - Apple Passbook released with iOS 6 after it had been announced at the Worldwide Developers Conference on 2012 Jun 11. It was renamed "Apple Wallet" with the release of iOS 9 on 2015 Sep 16.
2012 Sep 4 Windows Server 2012 - Derived from Windows 8
2012 Aug 6 The Curiosity rover lands on Mars, enabling scientific exploration of the planet.
2012 Aug 1 - A.I. - Knight Capital trading error loses them $440 million in 30 minutes.
2012 Jun 11 Apple Wallet - Apple Passbook was announced at the Worldwide Developers Conference. It was released with iOS 6 2012 Sep 19. It was renamed "Apple Wallet" with the release of iOS 9 on 2015 Sep 16.
2012 Jun CRISPR-Cas9
2012 Jun CRISPR-Cas9
2012 Jun Coinbase - largest cryptocurrency exchange in the United States by trading volume.
2012 Apr 24 Google Drive
2012 Mar 15 Futuristic biplane design eliminates sonic boom. Qiqi Wang’s design, a jet with two wings — one positioned above the other — would cancel out the shock waves produced from either wing alone. Wang credits German engineer Adolf Busemann for the original concept. In the 1950s, Busemann came up with a biplane design that essentially eliminates shock waves at supersonic speeds.
2012 Feb 29 Raspberry Pi - A series of small single-board computers (SBCs) developed in the United Kingdom by Raspberry Pi Ltd in association with Broadcom. The Raspberry Pi project originally leaned toward the promotion of teaching basic computer science in schools. The original model became more popular than anticipated, selling outside its target market for uses such as robotics. It is widely used in many areas, such as for weather monitoring, because of its low cost, modularity, and open design. It is typically used by computer and electronic hobbyists, due to its adoption of the HDMI and USB standards.
2012 Feb 29 Raspberry Pi - A series of small single-board computers (SBCs) developed in the United Kingdom by Raspberry Pi Ltd in association with Broadcom. The Raspberry Pi project originally leaned toward the promotion of teaching basic computer science in schools. The original model became more popular than anticipated, selling outside its target market for uses such as robotics. It is widely used in many areas, such as for weather monitoring, because of its low cost, modularity, and open design. It is typically used by computer and electronic hobbyists, due to its adoption of the HDMI and USB standards.
2012 Jan 31 r/wallstreetbets. founded reddit.com/r/WallStreetBets
2012 open technology fund
2012 open technology fund
2011 Dec 15 end of Iraq war
2011 Oct 31 world population = 7 Billion people
2011 Oct 4 A.I. - Siri
2011 Oct $1,696,037.45 has the same buying power as $1,000,000.00 in 1990, and $1,000,000 has the same buying power in 1990 as $589,609.62
2011 Sep 29 - 2018 Apr 2 Tiangong-1 China's first prototype space station.
2011 Sep 20 Don't ask, don't tell officially ends.
2011 sep 5 scihub
2011 sep 5 scihub
2011 Jul 6 Don't ask don't tell - A ruling from a federal appeals court barred further enforcement of the U.S. military's ban on openly gay service members effectively ending don't ask don't tell policy.
2011 Jul 8-21 Final mission of the American Space Shuttle program. Last crewed orbital spaceflight launched from the United States until 2020 May 30 SpaceX Crew Dragon Demo-2 spacecraft test flight.
2011 Feb A.I. - IBM Watson AI system
2011 A.I. - Hector Levesque, The Winograd Schema Challenge, Commonsense.
2010 Dec 22 Don't Ask, Don't Tell Repeal Act.
2010 Dec 17 – 2012 Dec Arab Spring.
2010 Nov 27 Bitcoin - The first mining pool - Slush launched.
2010 Oct 6 Instagram, the popular photo-sharing app, is launched.
2010 Sep 25 Why I am a possibilian by David Eableman published in New Scientist
2010 Sep 23 A.I. - Deep mind by google
2010 Sep Chattanooga, Tennessee launched the first one-gigabit-per-second Internet service in the United States provided through the city-owned utility EPB.
2010 Jul 18 - 2014 Feb mtgox.com bitcoin exchange. Note: bitcoins were stolen straight out of the Mt. Gox hot cryptocurrency wallet over time, beginning in late 2011. February 2014, Mt. Gox suspended trading.
2010 June 29 Tesla IPO
2010 Apr 3 iPad tablet computer - The first commercially successful tablet computer, the Apple iPad.
2010 Jan 21 Citizens United, Landmark campaign finance law Supreme Court decision. The court held 5-4 that the free speech clause of the First Amendment prohibits the government from restricting independent expenditures for political campaigns by corporations, including nonprofit corporations, labor unions, and other associations.
2010 Encyclopedia Britanica - The 2010 version of the 15th edition, which spans 32 volumes and 32,640 pages, was the last printed edition.
2010 instant pot pressure cooker invented.
2009 Dec 14 bitcoin - new liberty standard exchange announced on https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=15.msg111 site was here: http://btc2psc.bt.funpic.org/index.php
2009 nov A.I. - Eureqa - proprietary modeling engine uses evolutionary search to perform symbolic regression
2009 Oct 22 Windows Server 2008 R2 - Derived from windows 7
2009 July 9 Antibiotic Delayed Aging in Experiments With Mice. New York Times.
2009 Q2 trough of great recession
2009 Feb 10 Possibilianism invented by Robbie Parrish. Defined in relation to the book Sum: Forty Tales from the Afterlives by David Eagleman who refers to Sum as a reflection of the possibilianism position.
2008 Sep 28 SpaceX Falcon 1 spacecraft fourth attempt and first successful launch. First successful orbital launch of any privately funded and developed, fully liquid-propelled carrier rocket.
2008 Sep 23 Android, the operating system for mobile devices, is released to the public by Google with the first android smartphone.
2008 Sep Khan academy online learning founded.
2008 Jul 10 apple app store launches
2008 Jul 10 apple app store launches
2008 Mar 12 Hulu online video streaming service launched for public access in the United States.
2008 Feb 27 Windows Server 2008 - Derived from Windows Vista
2008 Feb 8 github
2008 Feb 27 Windows Server 2008 - Derived from Windows Vista
2008 Feb 8 github
2008 Feb The first Tesla Roadster delivered.
2008 Library Genesis
2007 Dec Great Recession starts - GDP falls 4.3 percent from its peak in 2007Q4 to its trough in 2009Q2
2008 Library Genesis
2007 Dec Great Recession starts - GDP falls 4.3 percent from its peak in 2007Q4 to its trough in 2009Q2
2007 Dec 21 In trade ruling, Antigua wins a right to piracy. (not sure why pirate bay bittorrent sites aren't hosted from Antigua)
2007 Nov 19 Kindle - Amazon releases the first Kindle e-reader, revolutionizing the e-book industry.
2007 Oct 29 Hulu online video streaming service launched. Hulu began the private beta testing by invitation, and later allowed users to invite friends.
2007 Jun 29 iPhone - The first apple smartphone.
2007 Jun 23 Release of NVIDIA's CUDA programming platform, which enabled developers to use GPUs for tasks beyond just graphics rendering.
2007 Jun 14 Gaza taken over by Hamas.
2007 Mar 19 justin.tv (now twitch.tv)
2007 Mar 19 justin.tv (now twitch.tv)
2007 Jan 9 Sketchup - Google announced Google SketchUp 6, a free downloadable version of SketchUp, including integrated tools for uploading content to Google Earth and to the Google 3D Warehouse.
2007 YubiKey founded
2006 Nov 19 Nintendo Wii gaming console
2006 Oct 4 wikileaks.org launched
2006 Sep 24 grandcentral service launched (now google voice) (grandcentral founded 2000 may)
2006 Aug 24 Cloud computing - Amazon officially announced the launch of its Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) service which is generally considered to be when cloud computing became a commercial reality.
2006 Jul 15 Twitter Launched
2006 Jun 20 Blu-ray (Blu-ray Disc or BD) released worldwide, a digital optical disc data storage format designed to supersede the DVD format.
2006 Mar 21 Twitter Founded
2006 Mar 14 Cloud Computing - Amazon Web Services Amazon S3 cloud storage.
2006 Mar 14 khanacademy.org registered
2006 Mar 9 google docs - On March 9, 2006, Google announced that it had acquired Upstartle.
2006 Feb A.I. - Ask Jeeves renamed to ask.com
2006 The first HPV vaccine became available.
2005 Dec 6 Windows Server 2003 R2 - Derived from Windows XP
2005 Sep 23 Polyamorous group cohabitation contracts legally recognized in Roosendaal Netherlands.
2005 Sep facebook.com available to the general public
2005 Aug facebook.com purchased by zuckerberg
2005 Aug google docs - Writely and XL2Web were precursors to google docs. Writely was a web-based word processor created by the software company Upstartle. On March 9, 2006, Google announced that it had acquired Upstartle.
2005 Aug LibriVox - A group of worldwide volunteers who read and record public domain texts.
2005 Jul 1 Starting strength published
2005 Jun 23 Reddit founded.
2005 Mar 30 Arduino USB - An Italian open-source hardware and software company, project, and user community that designs and manufactures single-board microcontrollers and microcontroller kits for building digital devices.
2005 Feb 14 YouTube - The video-sharing website YouTube is launched, allowing users to upload and share videos worldwide.
2005 Feb 14 YouTube - The video-sharing website YouTube is launched, allowing users to upload and share videos worldwide.
2005 Feb 8 Google Maps online mapping service
2005 Space - 14 AF officially opened up its newly renovated operations center. The new command and control capabilities of the Joint Space Operations Center ensured unity of effort for all space capabilities supporting joint military operations around the globe.
2004 Nov 9 Mozilla Firefox web browser
2004 Nov Liberated Syndication launched the first Podcast Service Provider
2004 Nov Liberated Syndication launched the first Podcast Service Provider
2004 Jun 21 SpaceShipOne first privately funded crewed space flight.
2004 Jun 17 The Mojave Air and Space Port is the first facility to be licensed in the United States certified as a spaceport by the Federal Aviation Administration.
2004 May 17 Same-sex marriage - Massachusetts became the first U.S. state and the sixth jurisdiction in the world to legalize same-sex marriage following the Supreme Judicial Court's decision in Goodridge v. Department of Public Health six months earlier.
2004 May audioblog.com (now hipcast.com) (first commercial podcasting hosting service)
2004 Apr 1 Gmail
2004 Feb 10 Flickr launched. Image hosting service. Indicating a turning point in digital image usage by the general population.
2004 Feb 4 facebook official launch
2004 Feb Tesla Motors, Inc. Elon Musk becomes chairman of the board (founded 2003 Jul 1).
2004 Feb 4 facebook official launch
2004 Feb Tesla Motors, Inc. Elon Musk becomes chairman of the board (founded 2003 Jul 1).
2004 Jan 11 http://thefacebook.com registered (facebook)
2004 Jan 1 Keurig introduces the B100 brewer marketed as a personal home coffee brewer.
2003 Nov 4 www.facemash.com registered
2003 Oct 27 www.facemash.com (then Facebook, now Meta)
2003 Sep 15 thepiratebay.org
2003 Aug 29 - Skype - internet calling service.
2003 Aug 6 google alerts launches.
2003 Aug 1 MySpace - social networking site
2003 Jun 26 Sodomy laws unconstitutional. U.S. Supreme Court ruled that most sanctions of criminal punishment for consensual, adult non-procreative sexual activity (commonly referred to as sodomy laws) are unconstitutional. The Court reaffirmed the concept of a "right to privacy" that earlier cases had found the U.S. Constitution provides, even though it is not explicitly enumerated. It based its ruling on the notions of personal autonomy to define one's own relationships and of American traditions of non-interference with private sexual decisions between consenting adults.
2003 Jun 23 Affirmative action - A Supreme Court decision regarding affirmative action in higher education (Grutter v. Bollinger, 539 US 244 – Supreme Court 2003) permitted educational institutions to consider race as a factor when admitting students.
2003 Jun 23 Second Life - online multimedia platform
2003 May 27 wordpress (formerly cafelog in 2001)
2003 May 5 linked in
2003 May 27 wordpress (formerly cafelog in 2001)
2003 May 5 linked in
2003 Apr 24 Windows Server 2003 - Derived from Windows XP
2003 Mar 20 – 2011 Dec 15 Iraq War
2003 Feb 27 Mr. Fred Rogers passes away.
2003 Feb 1 Space Shuttle Columbia disaster
2003 CE: Completion of the Human Genome Project, mapping all the genes of the human genome.
2003 LCD flat screen monitors outsold CRT monitors for the first time.
2002 Dec 20 Firefly tv show, last episode.
2002 sep 20 tor
2002 Dec 20 Firefly tv show, last episode.
2002 Sep 20 Firefly tv show, first episode.
2002 Sep 3 napster final release
2002 mar 21 nearlyfreespeech
2002 mar 14 spacex
2002 mar 21 nearlyfreespeech
2002 mar 14 spacex
2002 Jan (star wars) Missile Defense Agency (MDA) Formed.
2002 Space - 14 AF became the Air Force space operational component of United States Strategic Command.
2002 DVD+R standard released.
2001 Nov 15 Xbox
2001 Oct 25 Windows XP
2001 Oct 23 iPod - Apple introduces the iPod, revolutionizing portable music players.
2001 Oct 7 – 2021 Aug 30 War in Afghanistan
2001 Oct MP4
2001 Sep 11 hijacked airplane terrorist attacks on world trade center north and south towers, pentagon, and Shanksville, Pennsylvania
2001 Sep 11 hijacked airplane terrorist attacks on world trade center north and south towers, pentagon, and Shanksville, Pennsylvania
2001 Aug 31 Mr. Rogers neighbor final episode aired for the first time.
2001 Jul 2 bittorrent
2001 Jun 22 filezilla
2001 Jun 12 b2/cafelog, cafelog.com, more commonly known as b2 or catalog, was the precursor to WordPress
2001 Mar 23 End of Mir space station Soviet Union and later by Russia
2001 Jan 15 creative commons (copy left)
2001 Jan 15 creative commons (copy left)
2001 Jan 15 Wikipedia launched - formerly nupedia.
2001 Jan 9 iTunes
2001 Pager, beeper - The decline of pagers began in the late 1990s with the increasing availability and affordability of mobile phones. By this time, mobile phones had begun to offer more features and were becoming the preferred choice for instant communication, leading to a rapid decline in pager use.
2000 Nov 10 Red Planet movie.
2000 Nov 2 Beginning of humans continuously in space on the international space station. Oct 31 maybe.
2000 Sep 1 Nokia 3310 phone (3390-3395 in the US)
2000 Apr 8 More cowbell, Saturday night live.
2000 Mar 10 dot-com bubble starts to burst
2000 Mar 9 nupedia later Wikipedia
2000 Mar 10 dot-com bubble starts to burst
2000 Mar 9 nupedia later Wikipedia
2000 Mar 6 Mission to Mars movie.
2000 Mar Freenet - freenetproject.org
2000 Feb 17 Windows 2000 Server - Derived from Windows 2000
1999 By the end of 1999 the fee for domain name registration had been reduced by ICANN, from $34.99, to a wholesale rate of $6 per year to registered resellers.
1999 Oct 12 world population = 6 Billion people
1999 Oct $1,259,925.09 has the same buying power as $1,000,000.00 in 1990, and $1,000,000 has the same buying power in 1990 as $793,697.98
1999 aug 23 blogger
1999 aug 23 blogger
1999 Aug 28 End of humans continuously living in space on the Russian space station mir since 1989 Sep 8.
1999 Jun 1 napster initial release
1999 Mar 31 TiVo digital video recorder released
1999 Mar 28 Futurama cartoon original release.
1999 Mar 8 salesforce founded.
1999 Feb 5 Bill Nye the science guy last airs. Started 1993 Sep 10.
1999 Chattanooga, Tennessee high speed internet provider EPB celebrated its 60th anniversary by introducing new branding meant to symbolize the company's innovation, strength, and responsiveness. The new brand image allowed EPB to expand into various non-power-related businesses, including telecommunications and internet services.
1998 Dec 16-19 bombing of Iraq
1998 Dec paypal founded
1998 Dec LAMP
1998 Dec LAMP
1998 Dec IPv6 RFC 2460
1998 Nov 20 International space station
1998 Sep 30 Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) incorporated.
1998 Sep 18 Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) founded, incorporated on 1998 Sep 30.
1998 Sep 4 Google search engine - Google becomes incorporated, laying the foundation for its future dominance in web search and digital services.
1998 Sep 4 Google search engine - Google becomes incorporated, laying the foundation for its future dominance in web search and digital services.
1998 Oct rackspace founded
1998 May 8 Fugitt.com registered.
1998 May 7 Bluetooth
1998 Apr 1 Network Solutions (NSI) reduces domain name registration prices from $50 per year to $35 per year.
1998 w3schools.com
1997 Oct 5 slashdot.org registered
1997 Sep 21 Wi-Fi
1997 Sep 19 Auto-Tune initial release.
1997 Sep 11 craigslist.org created.
1997 Aug 29 netflix
1997 Aug 29 netflix
1997 Jul 23 http://www.cs.hope.edu/~malda/cnd/ chips & dips becomes slashdot.org
1997 Jul 11 Contact movie.
1997 Jul 4 The Pathfinder mission successfully lands the Sojourner rover on Mars, marking a significant achievement in planetary exploration.
1997 Jun 26 Harry Potter - J.K. Rowling's first book in the series, "Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone," is published.
1997 Jun microwave, sharp carousel multiple choice Models: R-390AK, R-490AW, R-490AK. Peak microwave technology.
1997 Jun DVD-R standard released in the last half of 1997.
1997 May A.I. - Deep Blue won a chess match against Kasparov becoming the first computer system to defeat a reigning world champion in a match under standard chess tournament time controls.
1997 Apr 30 Ellen coming out episode aired.
1997 March 24 DVD
1997 March 24 DVD
1997 Jan 19 Yahoo finance.
1997 Jan Western Governors University online university incorporated.
1997 Audible releases its first product, an eponymous portable media player known as the Audible MobilePlayer.
1997 Space - 14 AF established the Space Operations Center at Vandenberg AFB in California for the 24-hour command and control of all space operations resources.
1997 red bull energy drink sold in United States
1997 LCDs flat screen monitors begin competing with CRT monitors.
1996 Nov 19 A.I. - clipit included with release of Microsoft office 1997.
1996 Sep 21 Defense of marriage act (DOMA) banned federal recognition of same-sex marriage by limiting the definition of marriage to the union of one man and one woman, and it further allowed states to refuse to recognize same-sex marriages granted under the laws of other states.
1996 Sep 3 cruise missile strikes on Iraq
1996 jul 4 hotmail / rocketmail
1996 jun 27 local phone number portability mandated
1996 jul 4 hotmail / rocketmail
1996 jun 27 local phone number portability mandated
1996 Jun 3 A.I. - Ask Jeeves, ask.com 2006 Feb
1996 May 10 Wayback Machine
1996 May 10 Wayback Machine
1996 Feb 13 Adderall gained FDA approval
1996 Jan USB
1996 Space Camp California. (closed in 2002)
1995 Dec IPv6 RFC 1883
1995 Nov 22 Buzz Lightyear first appearance, toy story movie.
1995 Sep 3 ebay
1995 Aug 24 Windows 95
1995 May 23 Java (programming language)
1995 Mar - Network Solutions (NSI) stops giving out domain names and ip blocks for free, charges $50 yearly to register a domain name.
1995 Jan 1 world trade organization established
1995 josta soft drink by pepsi
1995 Audible launched.
1994 Dec 15 netscape navigator
1994 Dec 3 Play Station
1994 Oct 28 Stargate movie.
1994 Oct 13 web browser Mosaic Netscape 0.9, later inspired netscape navigator.
1994 Aug 16 Smart phone - The IBM Simon Personal Communicator (simply known as IBM Simon) a handheld, touchscreen PDA designed by International Business Machines (IBM), and manufactured by Mitsubishi Electric available to consumers. Although the term "smartphone" was not coined until 1995, because of Simon's features and capabilities, it has been retrospectively referred to as the first true smartphone.
1994 Jul 5 amazon.com, the e-commerce giant, opens for business, initially selling books.
1994 Jul 5 amazon.com, the e-commerce giant, opens for business, initially selling books.
1994 Jun 20 Digital camera - Apple QuickTake 100 was one of the first digital cameras marketed to consumers.
1994 May 23 Startrek the next generation last aires.
1994 Feb 28 Don't ask, don't tell
1994 Jan 25 (star wars) Clementine space probe launched to the Moon. In 1998 Mar 5 NASA announced that data obtained from Clementine indicated that there is enough water in polar craters of the Moon to support a human colony and a rocket fueling station (see Bistatic Radar Experiment).
1994 Obetrol ADHD treatment (Adderall) - Roger Griggs Richwood Pharmaceuticals acquired Rexar
1994 Smart Watch - Timex beeperware datalink introduced.
1994 Pager, beeper technology at peak popularity. Pagers were not only popular among business professionals but had also become a cultural phenomenon, widely used by teenagers and young adults.
1993 Sep 10 Bill Nye the science guy first aired. Going through 1999 Feb 5.
1993 Jul 1 Space - 14 AF returned to its former space role and became a Numbered Air Force for Air Force Space Command, responsible for performing space operations.
1993 Jun 26 cruise missile strikes on Iraq
1993 Jun 11 Jurassic Park (film)
1993 Apr 20 www goes live
1993 Apr 5 Nvidia
1993 Feb 26 World Trade Center bombing
1993 Jan 23 Mosaic (web browser) initial release.
1993 Jan 13 - 1993 Jan 22 airstrikes on Iraq
1993 (star wars) SDIO was renamed back to BMDO again.
1993 GPS - Full constellation of 24 satellites became operational.
1992 Dec 11 Internet Society (ISOC).
1992 Jul 22 Lynx text base web browser
1992 Sep 18 JPEG standard introduced by the Joint Photographic Experts Group.
1992 May 22 Jonny Carson hosts the tonight show for the last time.
1992 A.I. - Boston Dynamics founded.
1991 Dec 21 The dissolution of the Soviet Union, marking the end of the Cold War era.
1991 Dec 21 The dissolution of the Soviet Union, marking the end of the Cold War era.
1991 Dec 6 .mp3
1991 Oct 24 Gene Roddenberry passes away.
1991 sep/oct through 1995 mar - network solutions give out domain names and ip blocks for free
1991 Sep 21 linux
1991 sep/oct through 1995 mar - network solutions give out domain names and ip blocks for free
1991 Sep 21 linux
1991 Aug 23 World wide web made available to the general public.
1991 Feb 20 Python - programming language, successor to the ABC programming language, which was inspired by SETL.
1991 Friction stir welding - The general idea was patented in the Soviet Union by one Yu. Klimenko in 1967, but it wasn't developed into a commercial technology back then. It was experimentally proven and commercialized at The Welding Institute (TWI) in the UK in 1991. TWI held patents on the process, the first being the most descriptive.
1990 CE: Tim Berners-Lee, a British scientist, invents the World Wide Web (WWW) while at CERN.
1990 Nov 19 Microsoft office software suite.
1990 Nov Digital camera - The first widely commercially available digital camera was the Dycam Model 1; it also sold as the Logitech Fotoman.
1990 Oct 17 Children's Television Act - They included a requirement for television stations to document their broadcasting of programs which "[further] the positive development of children 16 years of age and under in any respect, including the child's intellectual/cognitive or social/emotional needs."
1990 Aug 2 – 1991 Feb 28 Gulf War
1990 Jul 10 Electronic Frontier Foundation
1990 July early 90’s recession
1990 Jul 10 Electronic Frontier Foundation
1990 July early 90’s recession
1990 Jun 22 Norway Government Pension Fund Global (largest Sovereign wealth fund in the world)
1990 May The word polyamorous first appeared in an article by Morning Glory Zell-Ravenheart, "A Bouquet of Lovers", published in Green Egg Magazine, as "poly-amorous".
1990 Apr 24 Hubble Space Telescope
1990 Feb 19 Photoshop initial release.
1990 Strandbeest - Theo Jansen Dutch artist began building large mechanisms out of PVC that are able to move on their own. The kinetic sculptures appear to walk.
1990-1994 The End of Apartheid in South Africa.
1989 Dec 17 The Simpsons original release.
1989 Sep 8 Humans continually lived in space on the Russian space station mir until 1999 Aug 28.
1989 Jun 4 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre in China.
1989 Feb 25 GNU General Public License
1989 Feb 25 GNU General Public License
1989 CE: The Berlin Wall fell, symbolizing the end of the Cold War and the beginning of the decline of the Soviet Union.
1988 Sep Invention of frameless IUD - Wildemeersch D, Van der Pas H, Thiery M, Van Kets H, Parewijck W, Delbarge W. The Copper-Fix (Cu-Fix): a new concept in IUD technology. Adv Contraception 1988;4:197-205 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01849438
1988 May 16 Star Trek TNG season one last episode originally aired. Roddenberry (age 66) was intimately involved in the initial development of the series but took a less active role after the first season due to ill health.
1988 Space Camp Florida. (closed in 2002)
1987 Nov 12 Jetsons cartoon third season last episode.
1987 Oct 19 black monday
1987 Nov 12 Jetsons cartoon third season last episode.
1987 Oct 19 black monday
1987 Oct 19 Jetsons cartoon third season first episode.
1987 Sep 28 Startrek the next generation first aires.
1987 Jul 28 nethack
1987 Jul 28 nethack
1987 Jul 11 world population = 5 Billion people
1987 Jul $872,699.39 has the same buying power as $1,000,000.00 in 1990, and $1,000,000 has the same buying power in 1990 as $1,145,869.95
1987 Apr 20 powerpoint Initial release.
1987 Jan abc programming language (now python) which was inspired by SETL which was inspired by ALGOL.
1986 Jun 6 Space Camp movie.
1986 Feb 20 – 1996 Apr 23 - 2001 Mar 23 Mir first modular space station Soviet Union and later by Russia
1986 Jan 28 Space Shuttle Challenger disaster
1986 Jan 14 Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF).
1985 Dec 13 Jetsons cartoon second season last episode.
1985 Dec 6 Spies like us movie.
1985 Nov 20 Windows operating system.
1985 Oct 18 Nintendo Entertainment System test launch in New York City.
1985 Oct 4 free software foundation
1985 Oct 4 free software foundation
1985 Sep 16 Jetsons cartoon second season first episode.
1985 Blackstone Inc. founded the largest alternative investment firm globally.
1985 jolt cola
1985 (star wars) BMDO renamed the U.S. Army Strategic Defense Command (SDIO).
1985 The first prototype of the modern Li-ion battery, which uses a carbonaceous anode rather than lithium metal, was developed by Akira Yoshino in 1985, which was commercialized by a Sony and Asahi Kasei team led by Yoshio Nishi in 1991.
1984 Dec 14 Dune movie.
1984 Oct - DNS RFC 920 establishes 7 generic “top level domains” (gTLDs, .arpa, .com, .edu, .gov, .mil, .net, and .org)
1984 July (star wars) BMDO became a part of the Strategic Defense Initiative Organization (SDIO).
1984 Jan 24 Apple introduces the Macintosh personal computer, featuring a graphical user interface.
1984 (star wars) Strategic Defense Initiative Organization (SDIO) Formed.
1983 Sep 16 GPS - President Ronald Reagan opened this system to the public.
1983 Jun 23 Ethernet was adopted as a standard by the IEEE 802 Local Area Network Standards Committee.
1983 Jun 18 Sally Kristen Ride - First American woman to fly in space (third woman to ever fly in space).
1983 May 25 Starwars movie, Return of the Jedi.
1983 Mar 23 (star wars) Reagan announced Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI), derisively nicknamed the "Star Wars program".
1983 Mar compact disc (CD).
1983: The Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP) becomes the standard for defining the rules for routing and addressing packets of data so that they can travel across networks and arrive at the correct destination, leading to the modern internet.
1983 Mobile phone - The DynaTAC 8000x was the first commercially available handheld mobile phone.
1983 DNS - the Domain Name System was introduced on the ARPANET and published by the Internet Engineering Task Force as RFC 882 and RFC 883 and the first .com domain is registered, setting the stage for the Internet as we know it.
1982 Dec Adobe Systems Incorporated
1982 Aug 19 Svetlana Yevgenyevna Savitskaya, Soyuz T-7 second woman in space.
1982 black panther party dissolved.
1982 Space Camp - an educational camp in Huntsville, Alabama, near NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center. Space Camp is a six-day program offered for children between 9 and 11 years old. Space Academy is a program intended for ages 12–14, offered in six-day sessions. Advanced Space Academy is designed for 15- to 18-year-olds. The program was originally known as Space Academy Level II and was started in Fall of 1987. In 1987 the Space Academy Level II program was college accredited (1 hour) through the University of Alabama Huntsville.
1981 Nov 1 - Cosmos: A Personal Voyage by Carl Sagan, television show ends.
1981 Aug 12 IBM PC personal computer.
1981 Aug Polyfidelity defined - Pines, A., Aronson, E. Polyfidelity. J Fam Econ Iss 4, 373–392 (1981). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01257945
1981 Aug 1 MTV (Music Television) is launched, revolutionizing the music industry.
1981 Jun 5 AIDS epidemic officially begins.
1981 Apr 12-14 - NASA's Space Shuttle programs first American crewed orbital spaceflight since the Apollo–Soyuz Test Project (ASTP) in 1975.
1980 Dec 12 - Defense Officer Personnel Management Act - Signed into law by President Jimmy Carter. A United States federal law passed in 1980 that for the first time standardized officer personnel management across the United States Armed Forces. It established ceilings on the number of field grade officers authorized to each service, created uniform regulations governing promotions, and codified rules regarding separation and retirement of officers.
1980 Dec Pac-Man - The arcade game, released in North America, becoming a cultural phenomenon.
1980 Oct 1 - Cosmos: A Personal Voyage by Carl Sagan, television show begins.
1980 Jun Sony releases the Walkman in the US, a portable cassette player that revolutionizes personal music listening.
1980 May 21 Starwars movie, The Empire Strikes
1980 Usenet
1980 financial crisis
1980 Usenet
1980 financial crisis
1979 Jul 11 End of Skylab United States space station.
1979 A.I. - American Association for Artificial Intelligence organization founded. Later, the Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence.
1979 energy crisis
1978 Jun Kessler syndrome - a scenario in which the density of objects in low Earth orbit (LEO) due to space pollution is high enough that collisions between objects could cause a cascade in which each collision generates space debris that increases the likelihood of further collisions. "Collision Frequency of Artificial Satellites: The Creation of a Debris Belt" published, demonstrating that the process controlling asteroid evolution would cause a similar collision process in LEO in decades rather than billions of years.
1978 - Pager, beeper technology begins to be more widely accessible to the general public. Pager technology became more compact and affordable, and network coverage for paging services expanded significantly in urban areas.
1977 Jun 16 Oracle
1977 Jun 10 Computer - Apple II on sale.
1977 May 25 Starwars movie.
1976 Sep 9 VHS
1976 Apr 1 Apple company.
1976 Apr 1 Apple company.
1976 - Cryptography - Diffie and Hellman's groundbreaking paper, "New Directions in Cryptography"
1975 Oct 11 Saturday Night Live debut.
1975 Oct 7 Women admitted to service academies - Public Law 94-106 signed by President Gerald Ford, the five federal United States Service academies (West Point, Coast Guard Academy, Naval Academy, Air Force Academy, Merchant Marines Academy) were required to admit women as a result.
1975 Jul 15-24 Apollo–Soyuz - Last crewed United States Apollo module spaceflight until the first launch of the Space Shuttle on 12 April 1981. Was the first crewed international space mission, carried out jointly by the United States and the Soviet Union
1975 Apr 30 end of Vietnam war
1975 Apr 4 Microsoft
1975 Mar home brew computer club
1975 Apr 30 end of Vietnam war
1975 Apr 4 Microsoft
1975 Mar home brew computer club
1974 Nov 29 Personal computer (PC) - Published on Popular Electronics January 1975 edition. Introduction of what is considered by many to be the first true "personal computer", the Altair 8800 created by Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems (MITS).
1974 Oct 12 Startrek the animated series ends.
1974 Jun 26 UPC Universal Product Code barcode - The first UPC-marked item ever to be scanned at a retail checkout purchased at the Marsh supermarket in Troy, Ohio.
1974 Jun 25 - 1975 Jan 24 Salyut 3 Soviet space station, the first such station to be launched successfully.
1974 May 20 (star wars) Ballistic Missile Defense Organization (BMDO) Formed. Formerly the Safeguard Program - U.S. Army anti-ballistic missile (ABM) system designed to protect the U.S. Air Force's Minuteman ICBM silos from attack. Safeguard was an ever-changing series of designs produced by Bell Labs that started in the 1950s.
1974 Apr world population = 4 Billion people
1974 Apr $372,381.69 has the same buying power as $1,000,000.00 in 1990, and $1,000,000 has the same buying power in 1990 as $2,685,416.67
1973 CE: Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn publish "A Protocol for Packet Network Interconnection," which outlines the design of the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), a major foundational block of the Internet.
1973 Nov 27 The motivation factor. - Presidents council on physical fitness and sports. As emphasized on the LaSierra high school boy’s physical education program by Stan LeProtti. Invented in 1957, completely ended by 1983.
1973 Nov 16 - 1974 Feb 8 Skylab 4 Final crewed Skylab mission.
1973 Oct 6 - 25 The Yom Kippur War, also known as the Ramadan War, the October War, the 1973 Arab–Israeli War, or the Fourth Arab–Israeli War, was an armed conflict, between Israel and a coalition of Arab states led by Egypt and Syria. The majority of combat between the two sides took place in the Sinai Peninsula and the Golan Heights—both of which had been occupied by Israel in 1967—with some fighting in African Egypt and northern Israel
1973 Sep 8 Startrek the animated series first aires.
1973 May 25-Jun 22 Skylab 2 First crewed mission to Skylab.
1973 May 14 - 1979 Jul 11 Skylab - First United States space station.
1973 Apr 3 first handheld mobile phone (motorola)
1973 Jan 22 Abortion rights, Roe v. Wade - Supreme Court - the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution provides a fundamental "right to privacy", which protects a pregnant woman's right to an abortion. 2022 Jun 24, the Supreme Court overruled Roe on the grounds that the substantive right to abortion was not "deeply rooted in this Nation's history or tradition."
1973 GPS project was started by the U.S. Department of Defense.
1972 Mar 22 Birth control legalized for all Americans.
1972 Mr. Coffee is introduced to consumers as the first automatic drip coffeemaker designed for household use.
1971 Nov 15 Microprocessor - Federico Faggin used silicon-gate MOS technology to develop the first single-chip microprocessor, the Intel 4004. The first known advertisement for the 4004 appeared in Electronic News.
1971 Dec 25: The world's first email is sent by Ray Tomlinson, establishing a revolutionary form of communication.
1971 Jun 1 Soyuz 11 was the only crewed mission to board the world's first space station, Salyut 1. Departed 1971 Jun 29. The crew capsule depressurized during preparations for re-entry, killing the three-man crew. The three crew members of Soyuz 11 are the only humans to have died in space.
1971 Apr 19 Salyut 1 was the world's first space station.
1971 Polyfidelity - Jud met Eve Furchgott, and together they launched the first lasting, communal Kerista in San Francisco. The centerpiece of Kerista was a group marriage system its practitioners called "polyfidelity" - strict faithfulness within a group of lovers.
1970 Apr 22 The first Earth Day is celebrated, marking the beginning of the modern environmental movement.
1970 Apr 13 Apollo 13 Equipment failure
1969 Oct 29 ARPANET (precursor to the internet).
1969 Aug 15–18 woodstock
1969 jul 20 Apollo 11 moon landing
1969 jul 20 Apollo 11 moon landing
1969 Jun 3 Startrek the original series ends.
1969 SETL programming language influenced by ALGOL. Later became ABC which became Python.
1968 Oct 11 – 22 Apollo 7 - first crewed flight in NASA's Apollo program.
1968 Apr 4 Martin Luther King Jr. assassinated.
1968 Apr 3 2001: A Space Odyssey science fiction film produced and directed by Stanley Kubrick.
1968 Feb 19 Mr. Rogers neighborhood debut.
1967 Oct 13 Affirmative action - Extended to sex by Executive Order 11375 which amended Executive Order 11246, by adding "sex" to the list of protected categories.
1967 Counter culture summer of love in Haight-Ashbury San Francisco.
1967: The first heart transplant operation is performed by Dr. Christiaan Barnard in South Africa.
1967 Jan 27 Apollo 1 Tragedy- Launch rehearsal test cabin fire. - First crewed mission of the Apollo program.
1967 Microwave - Amana introduced the first popular home model, the countertop Radarange, at a price of US$495 ($1,930.95 in 1990 dollars).
1967 Misterrogers show in Canada ended. It ran from 1963 - 1967
1967 Friction stir welding - The general idea was patented in the Soviet Union by one Yu. Klimenko in 1967, but it wasn't developed into a commercial technology back then. It was experimentally proven and commercialized at The Welding Institute (TWI) in the UK in 1991. TWI held patents on the process, the first being the most descriptive.
1966 Nov 11-15 Gemini 12 Final crewed project Gemini flight.
1966 Oct - 1982 black panther party
1966 Sep 8 Startrek the original series first aired.
1965 Sep 24 Affirmative action - President Lyndon B. Johnson signed Executive Order 11246, thereby replacing Executive Order 10925 and affirming Federal Government's commitment "to promote the full realization of equal employment opportunity through a positive, continuing program in each executive department and agency".
1965 Aug 6 Johnson signs the Voting Rights Act. A landmark piece of federal legislation in the United States that prohibits racial discrimination in voting. It was signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson during the height of the civil rights movement on August 6, 1965, and Congress later amended the Act five times to expand its protections. Designed to enforce the voting rights guaranteed by the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments to the United States Constitution, the Act sought to secure the right to vote for racial minorities throughout the country, especially in the South. According to the U.S. Department of Justice, the Act is considered to be the most effective piece of federal civil rights legislation ever enacted in the country. It is also "one of the most far-reaching pieces of civil rights legislation in U.S. history."
1965 Mar 23 Gemini 3 - First crewed mission in NASA's Project Gemini.
1964 Nov 4 Lenny Bruce convicted of obscenity. Died 1966 Aug 3 age 40. Posthumously pardoned in 2003 Dec 23.
1964 Nov Compact Cassette tape introduced in the United States (under the Norelco brand) origin at Philips. Philips also offered a machine to play and record the cassettes, the Philips Typ EL 3301 was offered in the US as Norelco Carry-Corder 150.
1964 Oct 1 Bullet train - The Shinkansen, Japan's high-speed bullet train, begins operation between Tokyo and Osaka.
1964 Jul 7 Johnson signs the Civil Rights Act. Expanding and solidifying affirmative action, among other things.
1964 The first gyrotron was invented, designed and tested by Soviet scientists at NIRFI in Gorky, USSR now Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.
1964 - A.I. - ELIZA is an early natural language processing computer program created from 1964 to 1967 at MIT by Joseph Weizenbaum.
1963 Nov 22 John F. Kennedy assassinated. Conspiracy theory: Three shots were heard. Lee Harvey Oswald intentionally shot Kennedy once in the back and missed once. Secret service agent George Hickey accidentaly shot Kennedy once in the head. More details available in the 2013 documentary JFK:The Smoking Gun. Directed by Malcolm Mcdonald based on the 2013 book by Colin McLaren which was based on the 1992 book Mortal Error: The Shot That Killed JFK by Bonar Menninger which was based on 20 years of research by ballistics expert Howard Donahue.
1963 Jun 16 Valentina Tereshkova first woman in space.
1963 May 15 Mercury-Atlas 9 - Final crewed space mission of the U.S. Mercury program.
1963 Mar 17 Jetsons cartoon first season last episode.
1963 Misterrogers show in Canada from 1963 - 1967
1963 CE: Martin Luther King Jr. delivers his "I Have a Dream" speech.
1962 Oct 1 Jonny Carson hosts the tonight show for the first time.
1962 Sep 23 Jetson cartoon first season first episode.
1962 Aug 18 Space - Rocket launch Ferdinand 1 (Norway).
1962 Feb 20 John Glenn first American in orbit Project Mercury.
1961 May 15 unitarian universalism
1961 May 5 Alan Shepard first US astronaut in space Project Mercury.
1961 Apr 12 Human spaceflight was achieved for the first time with Yuri Gagarin's journey into space.
1961 Mar 6 Affirmative action - First created from Executive Order 10925, which was signed by President John F. Kennedy and required that government employers "not discriminate against any employee or applicant for employment because of race, creed, color, or national origin" and "take affirmative action to ensure that applicants are employed and that employees are treated during employment, without regard to their race, creed, color, or national origin".
1961 Drake equation.
1960 Sep 26 The first televised presidential debate takes place between John F. Kennedy and Richard Nixon, changing the landscape of political campaigning.
1960 Jul world population = 3 Billion people
1960 Jul $226,993.87 has the same buying power as $1,000,000.00 in 1990, and $1,000,000 has the same buying power in 1990 as $4,405,405.41
1960 May 9 The U.S. Food & Drug Administration Approves the First Contraceptive Pill.
1959 Oct 18 Space - The first-ever photographs of the far side of the Moon are transmitted by the Soviet Luna 3 spacecraft.
1959 Sep 16 Xerox copier - The Xerox 914 was introduced to the public in a demonstration at the Sherry-Netherland Hotel in New York, shown on live television. "the most successful single product of all time." The 914, the first plain paper photocopier, was developed by Carlson and John H. Dessauer; it was so popular that by the end of 1961 Xerox had almost $60 million in revenue. The product was sold by an innovative ad campaign showing that even monkeys could make copies at the touch of a button - simplicity would become the foundation of Xerox products and user interfaces. Revenues leaped to over $500 million by 1965.
1958 Dec 16 Space - Vandenberg AFB successfully launches first missile, Thor IRBM (intermediate range ballistic missile).
1958 Oct 4 Space - Cooke AFB was renamed Vandenberg AFB having recently transitioned from army camp to air force missile base.
1958 Feb 15 Space - First arrival of airman at Cooke Air Force Base (later Vandenberg) establishing the 6591st support squadron.
1958 Feb 1 Space - First successful American orbital flight: Explorer 1 (USA)
1958 Invention of the integrated circuit (microchip) (US)
1957 Oct 4 Space - First successful orbital flight ever: Sputnik (Russia)
1957 Oct 4 Space - First successful orbital flight ever: Sputnik (Russia)
1957 Jun 21 Space - North Camp Cooke was renamed Cooke Air Force Base and transferred from the army to the airforce.
1955 Nov 1 – 1975 Apr 30 Vietnam War
1955 Oct Wyman-Gordon 50,000-ton press
1955 May 5 Alcoa 50,000-ton press
1954 Oct 18 Transistor radio - The Regency TR-1 was announced and then put on sale in November 1954 and was the first practical transistor radio made in any significant numbers. Texas Instruments of Dallas, and Industrial Development Engineering Associates (I.D.E.A.) of Indianapolis, Indiana, were behind the unveiling of the world's first commercially produced transistor radio.
1954 May 17 end of separate but equal. The landmark U.S. Supreme Court case, Brown v. Board of Education, declares racial segregation in public schools unconstitutional.
1954 Apr 25 Solar power - The first practical photovoltaic solar cell is publicly demonstrated by Bell Laboratories in Murray Hill, New Jersey. The inventors were Calvin Souther Fuller, Daryl Chapin and Gerald Pearson. They demonstrated their solar panel by using it to power a small toy Ferris wheel and a solar powered radio transmitter.
1953 Dec 30 first color TV sets go on sale
1953 Feb 28 Francis Crick and James Watson, co-originators of the DNA double-helix model based on the X-ray diffraction data and insights of Rosalind Franklin and Raymond Gosling.
1953 Power rack for weightlifting invented by Bob Peoples.
1951 Mar 31 Computer - The UNIVAC I (Universal Automatic Computer I) was the first general-purpose electronic digital computer design for business application produced in the United States. The first Univac was accepted by the United States Census Bureau.
1950 Jun 25 – 1953 Jul 27 Korean War
1950 Summer Fermi Paradox - Enrico Fermi develops the Fermi paradox through a series of conversations with colleagues.
1949 toaster, sunbeam radiant control T-20. Peak toaster technology.
1948 Apr curta hand held mechanical calculator goes in to production. Invented by Curt Herzstark.
1948 Jan 30 Mahatma Gandhi assassinated.
1947 Dec 23 Transistor - The first working device was a point-contact transistor invented by physicists John Bardeen, Walter Brattain, and William Shockley at Bell Labs.
1947 Oct 14 Chuck Yeager broke the sound barrier in level flight in a rocket powered Bell X-1.
1947 Sep 18 Air Force officially formed as an independent service when first secretary of the Air Force, W. Stuart Symington, was sworn into office.
1947 Jan 10 - Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)
1946 Oct 24 First photograph taken from space on a German V2 rocket.
1945 Dec 10 Computer - The first programmable, electronic, general-purpose digital computer, ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer) was first put to work for practical purposes. There were other computers that had combinations of these features, but the ENIAC had all of them in one package. It was Turing-complete and able to solve "a large class of numerical problems" through reprogramming.
1945 Sep 2 The end of World War II. The atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki ushered in the nuclear age and set the stage for the Cold War.
1945 Sep 2 The end of World War II. The atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki ushered in the nuclear age and set the stage for the Cold War.
1945 Aug 9 Atomic bomb dropped on Nagasaki, by the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF).
1945 Aug 6 Atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima at 8:15 a.m., by the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF).
1945 Jul 16 nuke
1945-1989 The Cold War (US, Russia, Europe).
1945-1946 The United Nations formed.
1944 Jun 20 First man-made object to reach outer space. MW 18014 was a German A-4 test rocket, attaining an apogee of 176 kilometres (109 mi). It was a vertical test launch, and was not intended to reach orbital velocity, so it returned and impacted Earth, making it the first sub-orbital spaceflight.
1942 Dec 2 A team led by Enrico Fermi creates the first artificial self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction, called Chicago Pile-1, in a racquets court below the bleachers of Stagg Field at the University of Chicago.
1942 Oct 6 Xerography was invented by American physicist Chester Carlson, based significantly on contributions by Hungarian physicist Pál Selényi. Carlson applied for and was awarded U.S. Patent 2,297,691.
1942 Mar 16 V-2 rocket - world’s first long-range guided ballistic missile.
1942 Feb 1 Voice of america sort wave radio broadcast.
1942 Feb 1 Voice of america sort wave radio broadcast.
1939 Sep 1 – 1945 Sep 2 World War 2
1939 Aug 27 Heinkel He 178 the world's first jet aircraft.
1939 Apr 30 Black and white TV sold at worlds fair for the first time in the US.
1938 May Bletchley Park
1938 May Bletchley Park
1938: Dr. Roy Plunkett accidentally discovers Teflon.
1937 Aug 30 Klystron - The first significantly powerful source of radio waves in the microwave range; prototype was completed and demonstrated successfully; invented by the brothers Russell and Sigurd Varian at Stanford University.
1937 Jan "On Computable Numbers, with an Application to the Entscheidungsproblem" - by Allan Turing
1936 Nov 2 Television broadcasting - The first television network in the United Kingdom was operated by the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) (now named the BBC Television Service) opened the world's first regular high-definition television service, from a 405 lines transmitter at Alexandra Palace.
1936 summer Olympics first televised broadcast
1935 Feb 26 Radar - Robert Watson Watt and Arnold Wilkins showed for the first time in Britain that aircraft could be detected by bouncing radio waves off them.
1934 Television broadcasting - Limited regular broadcasts using an electromechanical 30-line system began.
1931 The American Dream - The Epic of America By James Truslow Adams "But there has been also the American dream, that dream of a land in which life should be better and richer and fuller for every man, with opportunity for each according to ability or achievement. It is a difficult dream for the European upper classes to interpret adequately, and too many of us ourselves have grown weary and mistrustful of it. It is not a dream of motor cars and high wages merely, but a dream of social order in which each man and each woman shall be able to attain to the fullest stature of which they are innately capable, and be recognized by others for what they are, regardless of the fortuitous circumstances of birth or position."
1929 Oct stock market crash
1929 Oct stock market crash
1929 Television broadcasting - Experimental television broadcasts were started using an electromechanical 30-line system developed by John Logie Baird.
1928 Nov 15 Reese's Peanut Butter Cups created by H. B. Reese. Reese's are the top-selling candy brand worldwide.
1928 Sep 28 Penicillin discovered by Alexander Fleming.
1928 Mar 28 Mr. Rogers - Frederick McFeely Rogers born.
1927 Sep 7 U.S. inventor Philo Farnsworth's image dissector camera tube transmitted its first image, a simple straight line, at his laboratory at 202 Green Street in San Francisco.
1927 May 20-21 Transatlantic flight - Charles Lindbergh completes the first solo nonstop transatlantic flight from New York to Paris.
1927 Apr 7 Herbert E. Ives and Frank Gray of Bell Telephone Laboratories gave a dramatic demonstration of mechanical television.
1927 Television - Baird transmitted a signal over 438 miles (705 km) of telephone line between London and Glasgow.
1927 Television - Philo Taylor Farnsworth made many crucial contributions to the early development of all-electronic television. He is best known for his invention of the first fully functional all-electronic image pickup device (video camera tube), the image dissector, as well as the first fully functional and complete all-electronic television system. Farnsworth developed a television system complete with receiver and camera—which he produced commercially through the Farnsworth Television and Radio Corporation.
1927 world population = 2 Billion people
1927 $135,488.84 has the same buying power as $1,000,000.00 in 1990, and $1,000,000 has the same buying power in 1990 as $7,380,681.82
1926 Aug 6 Movies with sound - Warner Bros. Pictures releases "Don Juan" as the first synchronized-sound feature-length film, marking the beginning of the "talkies" era. Its soundtrack contained a musical score and added sound effects, but no recorded dialogue, in other words, it had been staged and shot as a silent film. Accompanying Don Juan, however, were eight shorts of musical performances, mostly classical, as well as a four-minute filmed introduction by Will H. Hays, president of the Motion Picture Association of America, all with live-recorded sound. These were the first true sound films exhibited by a Hollywood studio.
1926 Mar 16 first rocket
1926 Mar 16 first rocket
1925 - The annual United States National Spelling Bee was started by The Courier-Journal, the newspaper of Louisville, Kentucky.
1924 Jul short wave radio.
1923 Oct 6 Edwin Hubble got a photo of Andromeda that showed that it contained a variable star, and therefore was an actual galaxy, ending the Great Debate over whether the universe consisted of anything beyond our own galaxy.
1923: Clarence Birdseye invents the quick freezing method, leading to the birth of the frozen food industry.
1920 Nov 2 Radio broadcasting - The first commercial radio broadcast was transmitted by Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing Company in Pittsburgh, under the call sign KDKA featuring live coverage of the Harding-Cox presidential election.
1919 May 5 International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
1920 Aug 26 The 19th amendment, women's suffrage, recognizing the right of women to a vote.
1918 Nov 11 End of World War 1
1918 Global Influenza Epidemic Kills 20 Million People.
1917 Nov 2 Balfour Declaration - a public statement issued by the British government during the First World War announcing its support for the establishment of a "national home for the Jewish people" in Palestine, then an Ottoman region with a small minority Jewish population.
1917-1922 The Russian Revolution leads to the overthrow of the Tsar and the rise of the Soviet Union.
1917 Albert Einstein established the theoretical foundations for the laser and the maser in the paper Zur Quantentheorie der Strahlung (On the Quantum Theory of Radiation).
1915 - 1936 Forensic Toxicology - Under Charles Norris's direction, the New York City medical examiner's office would become a department that set forensic standards for the rest of the country.
1914 Jul 28 – 1918 Nov 11 World War 1
1914 Sonar - The Canadian engineer Reginald Fessenden, while working for the Submarine Signal Company in Boston, Massachusetts, built an experimental system beginning in 1912, a system later tested in Boston Harbor, and finally in 1914 from the U.S. Revenue Cutter Miami on the Grand Banks off Newfoundland. In that test, Fessenden demonstrated depth sounding, underwater communications (Morse code) and echo ranging (detecting an iceberg at a 2-mile (3.2 km) range).
1913 Aug 13 Stainless steel - Harry Brearley created a steel with 12.8% chromium and 0.24% carbon, argued to be the first ever stainless steel.
1913 Ammonia (fertilizer) first manufactured using the Haber–Bosch process on an industrial scale in BASF's Oppau plant in Germany. Nobel prize winning German chemists Fritz Haber and Carl Bosch. Fritz Haber led the teams that developed chlorine gas and other deadly gases. During the 1920s, scientists working at Haber's institute developed the cyanide gas formulation Zyklon A. Zyklon B was used in gas chambers during the holocaust.
1912 Apr 15 Titanic sinks.
1912 phonograph record effectively superseded the phonograph cylinder from the late 1880s.
1911 Jun 16 IBM (International Business Machines Corporation) is founded, eventually becoming a leading technology and consulting company.
1909 Mar Fritz Haber demonstrated to his laboratory colleagues that he had finally found a process capable of fixing atmospheric dinitrogen sufficient to consider its industrialization. Fritz Haber led the teams that developed chlorine gas and other deadly gases. During the 1920s, scientists working at Haber's institute developed the cyanide gas formulation Zyklon A. Zyklon B was used in gas chambers during the holocaust.
1908 Jun 30 Tunguska event, largest impact event in recorded human history.
1907 Jan 29 vacuum tube - Lee de Forest's invention of the three-terminal "audion" tube, a crude form of what was to become the triode. The electronics revolution of the 20th century arguably began with the invention of the triode vacuum tube.
1905 Sep 25 Albert Einstein publishes four papers in what's known as his "Annus Mirabilis"; these papers introduce the theory of relativity and the famous equation, E=mc^2.
1905 First commercially produced wireless telegraphy transmitter / receiver system in the US
1904: Mary Anderson invents the windshield wiper.
1904 Jul 4 . Prince Piero Ginori Conti tested the first geothermal power generator in Larderello, Italy. It successfully lit four light bulbs. Later, in 1911, the world's first commercial geothermal power station was built there. Experimental generators were built in Beppu, Japan and the Geysers, California, in the 1920s, but Italy was the world's only industrial producer of geothermal electricity until 1958.
1903 Dec 17 Wrights made the first sustained, controlled, powered heavier-than-air manned flight.
1902 first dehumidifier created by American inventor Willis Carrier to dehumidify a Brooklyn printing plant.
1901 Centennial Light turned on and continuously in use ever since. Worlds longest lasting lightbulb at the Livermore-Pleasanton Fire Department.
1900 Dec 23 radio
1898 Apr 21 – 1898 Dec 10 Spanish American War
1897 cathode ray tube - The earliest version of the CRT was known as the "Braun tube", invented by the German physicist Ferdinand Braun in 1897. Braun was the first to conceive the use of a CRT as a display device.
1896 May 18 - 1954 May 17 separate but equal
1896 Radioactivity was discovered by scientists Henri Becquerel and Marie Curie, while working with phosphorescent materials.
1895 CE: Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen discovers X-rays.
1895: Lumière brothers hold the first private screening of footage recorded on their invention, the Cinématographe, marking the birth of cinema.
1895 Motion pictures - Movies, the first public screenings of films at which admission was charged were made by the American Woodville Latham and his sons.
1895 Radio - Guglielmo Marconi developed the first radio communication system, using a spark gap transmitter to send Morse code over long distances.
1893 Jan 3 Chapin Mine Steam Pump Engine began operation. It is the largest reciprocating steam-driven engine ever built in the United States. Now located in iron mountain michigan.
1893: New Zealand becomes the first country to grant women the right to vote.
1891 Dec 21 Basketball first played in Springfield Massachusetts.
1890 In the United States, the first sewage treatment plant using chemical precipitation was built in Worcester, Massachusetts.
1889 Mar 15 Eiffel Tower construction complete.
1887 Jan 28 Eiffel Tower construction begins.
1886 May 8 Coca-Cola - When Atlanta and Fulton County passed prohibition legislation, Pemberton responded by developing Coca-Cola, a nonalcoholic version of Pemberton's French Wine Coca. It was marketed as "Coca-Cola: The temperance drink", which appealed to many people as the temperance movement enjoyed wide support during this time. The first sales were at Jacob's Pharmacy in Atlanta, Georgia, where it initially sold for five cents a glass. Drugstore soda fountains were popular in the United States at the time due to the belief that carbonated water was good for the health, and Pemberton's new drink was marketed and sold as a patent medicine, Pemberton claiming it a cure for many diseases, including morphine addiction, indigestion, nerve disorders, headaches, and impotence.
1884 Oct The International Meridian Conference finalized the geographic coordinate system (GCS). A spherical or ellipsoidal coordinate system for measuring and communicating positions directly on the Earth as latitude and longitude.
1882 Mar 22 Edmunds Anti-Polygamy Act is a United States federal statute, signed into law by President Chester A. Arthur, declaring polygamy a felony in federal territories, punishable by "a fine of not more than five hundred dollars and by imprisonment for a term of not more than five years.
1882 Electrification - The first large scale central distribution electricity supply plant was opened at Holborn Viaduct in London.
1879 Oct 22 Lightbulb - Joseph Swan and Thomas Edison successfully demonstrate the electric incandescent light bulb. The test lasted 13.5 hours. Edison continued to improve this design and by 1879 Nov 4, filed for a US patent for an electric lamp.
1879 Jan 6 Supreme Court case about polygamy and religious duty as a defense to criminal prosecution. Effectively reaffirming the 1862 Morrill Anti-Bigamy Act outlawing polygamy.
1878 Jan Telephone Exchange - George W. Coy designed and built the first commercial US telephone exchange which opened in New Haven, Connecticut.
1876 Mar 10 Telephone - Alexander Graham Bell patents the telephone.
1876 Sir Sandford Fleming proposed a worldwide system of time zones.
1873 Mar 1 Typewriter - First qwerty keyboard typewriter began production by E. Remington and Sons in Ilion, New York.
1870 Feb 3 Minority sufferage. The 15th amendment prohibits the federal government and each state from denying or abridging a citizen's right to vote "on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude."
1869 May 10 First transcontinental railroad in the United States.
1869 May periodic table of elements by Dmitri Mendeleev printed table appeared in the journal of the Russian Chemical Society.
1866 Aug Solar power - Augustin Mouchot developed the first parabolic trough solar collector to heat water and produce steam to run the first solar steam engine, which was presented to the emperor Napoleon III in Paris.
1866 CE: Gregor Mendel presents his laws of inheritance, establishing the field of genetics.
1866 Jul 28 The metric act signed into law by President Andrew Johnson. The Metric Act, which legalized the use of the metric system in the United States and allowed it to be used in contracts aimed to facilitate commerce by recognizing the growing global significance of the metric system and providing legal protection for metric-based contracts.
1865 Dec 18 Slavery officially abolished.
1865 Jun 19 emancipation of enslaved African Americans. anniversary of the announcement of General Order No. 3 by Union Army General Gordon Granger, proclaiming freedom for slaves in Texas.
1865 Apr 15 President Abraham Lincoln assassinated.
1865 Louis Pasteur patents the pasteurization process. A foundational moment in the progress of the germ theory of disease.
1863-1877 Affirmative action - The policy of affirmative action dates to the Reconstruction Era in the United States.
1862 July 1 Morrill Anti-Bigamy Act signed into law by President Abraham Lincoln, effectively outlawing polygamy.
1861 Oct 26 Telegraph first transcontinental connection.
1861 Apr 12 – 1865 Apr 9 Civil War
1861: Elisha Otis introduces the safety elevator, making modern skyscrapers possible.
1860 Apr 3 Pony Express
1859 Nov 24 On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favored Races in the Struggle for Life published by Charles Darwin is considered to be the foundation of evolutionary biology.
1859 sep 1 Carrington Event
1858 Jun - Aug Sanitation - Great stink in London prompted sewer system development.
1856-1860: The Second Opium War between China and Western powers, which led to significant territorial and commercial concessions in favor of the Western powers.
1856 Aug 23 Circumstances affecting the heat of the suns rays published in The American journal of science and arts by Eunice Newton Foote, first female science publication ever that wasn't astronomy based. (Demonstrating that co2 is a greenhouse gas)
1849: Elizabeth Blackwell becomes the first woman to receive a medical degree in the U.S., opening doors for women in the medical profession.
1848 Oneida Community - religious communal society founded by John Humphrey Noyes near Oneida, New York, practiced complex marriage, occasionally referred to as a group marriage, precursor to polyfidelity.
1846 Apr 25 – 1848 Feb 2 Mexican American War
1844 Jun 6 YMCA founded.
1841 Brook farm commune founded in Ellis Farm in West Roxbury, Massachusetts, basis of Nathaniel Hawthornes book the Blithedale Romance.
1840 July Photograph - First life photographs of a human face. John William Draper photographed his sister, Dorothy Catherine Draper.
1839-1842 & 1856-1860: The First and Second Opium Wars between China and Western powers, which led to significant territorial and commercial concessions in favor of the Western powers.
1838 Jan 11 telegram
1838 Jan 11 telegram
1838 Jan 11 telegram
1837 Jun 10 Telegraph - The first commercial telegraph was by Cooke and Wheatstone following their English patent.
1836 Jul 13 First numbered patent filed in America (the first unnumbered one being from 1790).
1863 Feb 9 International Committee of the Red Cross
1833 Scientist - William Whewell, an English polymath, coined the term "scientist" in his review of a book by the philosopher and mathematician Mary Somerville.
1830 Industrial revolution beginning in 1760, now fully felt.
1830 Indian Removal Act was signed by U.S. President Andrew Jackson, authorizing the federal government to relocate Native American tribes from the southeast to territories west of the Mississippi. This act led to the forced migration known as the Trail of Tears in 1838-1839, where thousands of Cherokees died during their journey to present-day Oklahoma.
1822 Jun 14 Charles Babbage's difference engine (first computer)
1822 Mechanical pencil - The first patent for a refillable pencil with lead-propelling mechanism was issued to Sampson Mordan and John Isaac Hawkins in Britain.
1821 CE: Michael Faraday demonstrates electromagnetic rotation, the principle behind the electric motor.
1812 Jun 18 – 1815 Feb 18 War of 1812
1806 Lightbulb - English chemist Humphry Davy gave a practical demonstration of an arc light.
1806 Camera lucida patented by the English chemist William Hyde Wollaston.
1804 Railroad - The first full-scale working railway steam locomotive was built in the United Kingdom by Richard Trevithick.
1804 world population = 1 Billion people
1802-1830 The Birth of Rail Transport.
1799 CE End of The French Revolution started in 1789.
1798 John Stevens built the first American internal combustion engine.
1796 CE: Edward Jenner uses cowpox material to create the smallpox vaccine, the world's first vaccine (for smallpox).
1793 Cotton gin created by Eli Whitney
1791: The Haitian Revolution, the only successful slave revolt in history, which led to the establishment of Haiti as an independent nation.
1790 Jul 31 First patent filed in America (first numbered one wasn’t till 1836).
1789-1799: The French Revolution, a period of radical social and political upheaval in France, leading to the overthrow of the Bourbon monarchy and the rise of Napoleon Bonaparte.
1785 Light - Jan Pieter Minckeleers gasifies coal to light his lecture hall at the University of Louvain.
1776: The American Revolution began with the Declaration of Independence from British rule, leading to the formation of the United States of America.
1776 CE: Adam Smith publishes "The Wealth of Nations," laying the foundations for classical economics.
1775 Apr 19 – 1783 Sep 3 Revolutionary War
1769: Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot builds the first full-scale, working steam-powered vehicle.
1767 First measurement of longitude using marine chronometer H4 invented by John Harrison.
1765: James Watt improves the steam engine, paving the way for the Industrial Revolution.
1764 CE: James Hargreaves invents the spinning jenny, revolutionizing textile production.
1760 to 1830 Industrial revolution begins.
1752: Benjamin Franklin's kite experiment proving that lightning is electricity.
1750-1850: The period commonly referred to as the Industrial Revolution begins in Britain, bringing significant technological, cultural, and political change.
1721: Introduction of the first smallpox vaccination methods in the West, by Lady Mary Wortley Montagu, after observing the practice in the Ottoman Empire.
1712 Steam engine by Thomas Newcomen
1687 Isaac Newton’s Principia Mathematica Explains Universal Laws of Motion and Gravitation That Provide a Foundation for the Science of Physics Until Einstein.
1675 CE: Antonie van Leeuwenhoek discovers bacteria using a microscope.
1666 CE: Sir Isaac Newton's annus mirabilis ('miracle year') where he makes revolutionary inventions and discoveries in calculus, motion, optics, and gravitation.
1660 Nov 28 The Royal Society is the oldest continuously existing scientific academy in the world. The world's oldest national scientific institution, the Royal Society, is founded in London. It establishes experimental evidence as the arbiter of truth.
1644-1912: The Qing Dynasty, the last imperial dynasty of China.
1642 Dec 25 - 1726/27 Mar 20 Sir Isaac Newton PRS was an English mathematician, physicist, astronomer, alchemist, theologian, and author (described in his time as a "natural philosopher"), widely recognised as one of the greatest mathematicians and physicists and among the most influential scientists of all time.
1637 The scientific method. The French philosopher, mathematician and scientist René Descartes publishes his Discourse on the Method of Rightly Conducting One's Reason and of Seeking Truth in the Sciences.
1623: Wilhelm Schickard designs the first mechanical calculator.
1622, William Oughtred of Cambridge combined two handheld Gunter rules to make a device that is recognizably the modern slide rule.
1610: Galileo Galilei made his first observation of the four Galilean moons: Ganymede, Callisto, Io, and Europa. This discovery provided evidence that not everything orbits the Earth, challenging the geocentric model of the universe.
1609 Galileo Galilei Publishes The Starry Messenger.
1609 CE: Johannes Kepler publishes "Astronomia nova," presenting his first two laws of planetary motion.
1608 Earliest existing record of a telescope when a patent was submitted in the Netherlands by Hans Lippershey, an eyeglass maker.
1605 CE: Publication of "Don Quixote" by Miguel de Cervantes, often considered the first modern novel.
1588 CE: The defeat of the Spanish Armada by the English navy.
1543 CE: Andreas Vesalius publishes "De humani corporis fabrica" – a key work in the history of human anatomy.
1543 Nicolaus Copernicus Heliocentric Model and publication of De revolutionibus orbium coelestium (On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres) often cited as the beginning of the scientific revolution.
1519-1522 CE: Ferdinand Magellan's expedition becomes the first to circumnavigate the Earth.
1517 The Ninety-five Theses by Martin Luther the start of the Protestant Reformation.
1497-1498 CE: Vasco da Gama sails around the Cape of Good Hope, establishing a sea route to India and accelerating European colonialism in Asia.
1492: Christopher Columbus reached the Americas. While he wasn't the first European to do so (Vikings, led by Leif Erikson, had previously established settlements in North America), Columbus' voyages opened the door for widespread European exploration and the eventual conquest of the Americas.
1455 CE: The Gutenberg Bible is printed, using Johannes Gutenberg's movable type printing press, marking the start of the Printing Revolution revolutionizing the spread of information.
1453: The fall of Constantinople, which marked the end of the Byzantine Empire and the rise of the Ottoman Empire.
1452 Apr 15 - 1519 May 2 Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci was an Italian polymath of the High Renaissance who was active as a painter, draughtsman, engineer, scientist, theorist, sculptor, and architect.
1436 Printing press invented by German goldsmith Johannes Gutenberg.
1410: The Battle of Grunwald, a major clash between the Teutonic Knights and an alliance of Poland and Lithuania, proving to be one of the largest battles in Medieval Europe.
1400s CE: Inca Empire builds Machu Picchu.
1346 - 1353 Black Death
1325: The city of Tenochtitlán (present-day Mexico City) is founded by the Mexica, later known as the Aztecs.
1258: The Mongols sack Baghdad, marking the end of the Islamic Golden Age.
1215 CE: King John of England signs the Magna Carta, a foundational document in the evolution of constitutional law.
1190 Magnetic compass first mentioned in Europe from Alexander Neckam’s De naturis rerum (On the Natures of Things).
1101 Padded horse collar gained widespread use in Europe in the 12th century. It was a game changer for agriculture.
1066 CE: Norman conquest of England.
1054: The Great Schism split Christianity into the Roman Catholic Church in the West and the Eastern Orthodox Church in the East.
1041: The movable-type printing press is invented in China.
1000 Horse shoe - cast bronze horseshoes with nail holes became common in Europe.
1000: Leif Erikson and the Vikings explore North America, establishing a short-lived settlement in Newfoundland.
935: Al-Farabi writes "Al-Madina al-Fadila" (The Virtuous City), an important work in Islamic political philosophy.
901 Heavy plough - iron mould-boards appear in Europe in the 10th century.
850 CE - 1050 CE Magnetic compass started to be used for navigation.
800: The Book of Kells, a masterwork of Western calligraphy, is completed.
800: Charlemagne is crowned Holy Roman Emperor by Pope Leo III, signaling the start of the Holy Roman Empire.
732 CE: The Battle of Tours - Frankish and Burgundian forces under Charles Martel halted the advance of Muslim armies into Western Europe.
618-907 CE: The Tang Dynasty in China, considered a golden age of cosmopolitan culture.
610: The prophet Muhammad begins receiving revelations, leading to the foundation of Islam.
539 BCE Cyrus Cylinder - Ancient clay cylinder. The cylinder is argued to be the oldest charter of human rights. Made in 539 BCE, the Cyrus Cylinder was authored by Cyrus the Great after he took over Babylon from Nabonidus. Parts of the writings inscribed on the cylinder indicate that the Great Achaemenid ruler freed the slaves who were captive in Babylon. Some historians argue that this was the first documented abolition of slavery and that is why it is considered to be one of the most important historical documents that changed the world. In 1971 a replica of this cylinder with English translation was handed over to the UN. The translation was largely intended to give credence to historical sources that insist Cyrus made the first declaration of human rights. Although this may be up for argument, there is undisputed evidence that the document demonstrates tolerance of the cult which became a policy carried on by Cyrus' successor. The former Director of the British Museum, Neil MacGregor, said that the cylinder was "the first attempt we know about running a society, a state with different nationalities and faiths – a new kind of statecraft".
529: The Byzantine emperor Justinian I codifies Roman law, resulting in the Corpus Juris Civilis, which forms the basis for many modern legal systems.
476 CE: Fall of the Western Roman Empire.
313 CE: Roman Emperor Constantine the Great issues the Edict of Milan, legalizing Christianity in the Roman Empire..
202 BCE: The Battle of Zama concluded the Second Punic War, leading to the decline of Carthage and the rise of Rome as the dominant Mediterranean power.
200 CE to 220 CE Magnetic compass originates from Han China.
200 CE: Compilation of the "Mahābhārata", one of the two major Sanskrit epics of ancient India.
105: Papermaking is refined in China during the Han Dynasty, leading to a spread of literacy and knowledge.
101 - 200 The pulp papermaking process is attributed to a court eunuch in the Han Dynasty named Cai Lun.
79: The eruption of Mount Vesuvius destroys the Roman cities of Pompeii and Herculaneum.
4 BCE: Birth of Jesus Christ (based on modern estimates; traditional date is 1 AD).
27 BCE – 14 CE: Reign of Augustus Caesar, marking the beginning of the Roman Empire.
45 BCE: The Julian Calendar is introduced by Julius Caesar.
118 BCE: The Silk Road, a network of trade routes connecting the East and West, is established.
221-206 BCE: Construction of the Terracotta Army in Qin Dynasty China.
240 BCE: Eratosthenes, the chief librarian at the Library of Alexandria, calculates the Earth's circumference using shadows and basic geometry with astonishing accuracy.
240 BCE: The Library of Alexandria, the largest library of the ancient world, is established.
256 BCE: The Qin Dynasty in China begins the construction of the Great Wall of China.
285 - 246 BC library of Alexandria founded.
287 – 212 BC Archimedes of Syracuse was a Greek mathematician, physicist, engineer, astronomer, and inventor from the ancient city of Syracuse in Sicily.
300 - 101 BCE Zero - It was the Indians that created the notion of zero as we know it today. It was conceived of as a digit in its own right, and written in the decimal place to denote value. The symbol was a large dot which evolved into the symbol for zero that we have today.
300 BCE: Euclid writes "Elements", systematizing geometry and becomes one of the most influential works in the history of mathematics.
300 BCE: The Maurya Empire in India was founded by Chandragupta Maurya.
323 BCE: Alexander the Great dies, leading to the division of his empire among his generals.
332 BCE: Alexander the Great founds Alexandria, which becomes one of the most important cultural and intellectual centers of the ancient world.
384 - 322 BC Aristotle
400 BCE Ice house - Yakhchal is an ancient type of ice house, which also made ice. They are primarily found in the Dasht-e Lut and Dasht-e-Kavir deserts in Iran.
400 BCE: Hippocrates, the father of medicine, writes the Hippocratic Oath.
432 BCE: The Parthenon in Athens is completed.
470 - 399 BC Socrates was a Greek philosopher from Athens who is credited as the founder of Western philosophy and among the first moral philosophers of the ethical tradition of thought.
490 BCE: The Battle of Marathon between the Athenians and Persians.
500 BCE: The Buddha, Siddhartha Gautama, achieves enlightenment and begins teaching.
509–27 BCE: Roman Republic era, ending the reign of the Roman Kings, which saw the codification of Roman law and the establishment of a republican government.
509 BCE: The Roman Republic was established, marking the end of the Roman Kingdom. The Roman Republic would later pave the way for the rise of the Roman Empire.
753 BCE: Traditional date for the founding of Rome.
776 BCE: The first Olympic Games are held in Olympia, Greece.
1184 BCE: The mysterious collapse of the Bronze Age civilizations. Various powerful empires such as the Mycenaeans, Hittites, and the New Kingdom of Egypt all saw rapid decline.
1200 BCE: The Trojan War, a significant event in Greek mythology.
1770 BCE Zero - The earliest record of the concept being used in written form comes from around 1770 BCE in Egypt. The ancient Egyptians used the hieroglyph nfr (meaning “beautiful”, “pleasant”, or “good”) to represent nothing.
1800 BCE: The Code of Hammurabi, one of the earliest written legal codes, established in Babylon.
2000 BCE last known surviving wooly mammoths go extinct on Wrangel Island.
2200 BCE to 1550 BCE Spoked wheel and the chariot first appeared during the Middle Bronze Age.
2500 BCE: Construction of the Great Pyramid of Giza in Egypt.
2,700 - 2,300 BC The Sumerian abacus appeared. It held a table of successive columns which delimited the successive orders of magnitude of their sexagesimal (base 60) number system.
3100 BCE Calendar - The first known civilization to create a calendar was the Sumerians during the Bronze Age.
3300 BCE: Invention of writing – Sumerian cuneiform in Mesopotamia and Egyptian hieroglyphs.
4000 BCE to 3001 BCE Papyrus first manufactured in Egypt. The English word “paper” is derived from the Latin “papyrus” which was in turn taken from Greek. The Greek “papyrus” is thought to come from the Egyptian “pa-per-aa” meaning “of the pharaoh”, as the pharaoh controlled the production of the product.
4,500 BCE to 3,300 BCE Wheel - Earliest evidence for the wheel comes from Mesopotamia in the form of the potter’s wheel.
5000 BCE Central heating - Koreans were using a system called ondol which guided the heat from flames through tunnels underneath the floor.
6000 BCE Wine produced in Georgia.
6500 BCE Concrete - The first use of concrete-like material was by the Nabataea Bedouin tribes of the Middle East.
11,700 years ago Agricultural revolution.
11,700 years ago Last Ice Age ended, having started 115,000 years ago.
13,000 to 11,700 years ago The Younger Dryas, was a return to glacial conditions.
21,000 BCE Oldest evidence of humans in North america. Published September 2021.
26,000 to 20,000 years ago The Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), also referred to as the Last Glacial Coldest Period, was the most recent time during the Last Glacial Period that ice sheets were at their greatest extent.
40,000 to 30,000 years ago Neanderthals go extinct.
50,000 to 40,000 years ago Behavioral modernity is a suite of behavioral and cognitive traits that distinguishes current Homo sapiens from other anatomically modern humans, hominins, and primates.
74,000 years ago Toba eruption - A supervolcano eruption. The Toba catastrophe theory holds that this event lead to a genetic bottleneck in humans.
115,000 years ago Last Ice Age began, from the end of the Eemian to the end of the Younger Dryas 11,700 years ago.
155,000 years ago Mitochondrial Eve, Y-chromosomal Adam - In human genetics, the Mitochondrial Eve is the matrilineal most recent common ancestor of all living humans. The male analog to the "Mitochondrial Eve" is the "Y-chromosomal Adam", the individual from whom all living humans are patrilineally descended. As the identity of both matrilineal and patrilineal MRCAs is dependent on genealogical history (pedigree collapse), they need not have lived at the same time. Estimates for the age Y-MRCA are subject to substantial uncertainty, with a wide range of times from 180,000 to 580,000 years ago (with an estimated age of between 120,000 and 156,000 years ago, roughly consistent with the estimate for mt-MRCA.).
300,000 years ago Anatomically modern humans emerged (Homo sapiens).
400,000 to 200,000 years ago Denisovans likely emerged as a distinct group.
400,000 to 350,000 years ago Neanderthals emerged.
800,000 to 500,000 years ago possible ancestral origin of shared genetic traits between archaic humans, neanderthals, denisovans, and modern humans.